For many teenagers and young adults, acne feels unpredictable. One week skin is calm, the next it worsens without warning. New research suggests everyday habits such as hydration, diet, and physical activity may quietly shape those flare ups more than people realise.
Researchers surveyed 559 adults with current or past acne to examine lifestyle and nutrition patterns. Participants reported sleep habits, water intake, exercise, smoking, and consumption of fast food, dairy, and chocolate. The findings were published in Saudi Medical Horizons Journal.
Most cases began during adolescence, with the highest onset between ages 11 and 20. Moderate acne was the most common severity and the face was affected in the majority of cases.
Hydration emerged as an important factor. Around one-third of participants drank less than one litre of water daily, and water intake showed a significant relationship with seeking treatment for acne.
Researchers suggest hydration may influence skin barrier function and inflammation. Poor hydration has previously been linked with greater acne severity, which aligns with the new findings.
Physical activity showed a similar pattern. More than 42% reported no exercise, and those who exercised regularly were less likely to pursue medical treatment for acne.
Exercise may help regulate hormones and reduce stress-related inflammation. Stress has long been associated with acne severity, particularly during adolescence when hormonal changes already affect oil production.
Diet also appeared relevant. About 40% consumed fast food weekly and frequent intake of high glycaemic foods was associated with increased acne complaints.
Researchers noted that sugary and processed foods may raise insulin like growth factor levels, stimulating sebaceous glands and increasing breakouts. Dairy and chocolate consumption also showed demographic associations, especially in younger adults.
Smoking showed weaker links, but lifestyle patterns combined appeared important. Sleep duration clustered around five to seven hours nightly, which may be insufficient for optimal skin recovery.
The findings reflect growing evidence that acne is not purely cosmetic. It sits at the intersection of hormones, inflammation, metabolism, and behaviour. Dermatologists increasingly view acne management as involving daily habits alongside topical treatments.
However, the study cannot prove cause and effect because it relied on self reported data and cross sectional analysis. Researchers recommend longer term studies to determine whether lifestyle changes directly improve acne outcomes.
Still, the research suggests small behaviour changes could matter. Drinking more water, improving diet quality, sleeping adequately, and exercising regularly may support skin health alongside medical care.